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Parsifal (1904 film)
''Parsifal'' is a 1904 American silent film produced by the Edison Manufacturing Company and directed by Edwin S. Porter. It is based on the 1882 opera ''Parsifal'' by Richard Wagner, and stars Adelaide Fitz-Allen as Kundry and Robert Whittier as Parsifal.〔Niver, Kemp (1967). ''Motion Pictures From The Library of Congress Paper Print Collection 1894-1912.'' University of California Press, ISBN 978-0520009479〕
== Production and release ==
In 1903, Wagner's widow unsuccessfully attempted to stop a performance of ''Parsifal'' by the Metropolitan Opera in New York, causing great scandal. In 1904, Harley Merry acquired the motion picture rights and brought on Porter and Edison. Edison had been experimenting with ways to combine silent films with recorded music. Porter's version of ''Parsifal'' employed Edison's Kinetophone, "a primitive, synchronized sound-mix device, but this machine does not represent the era of silent film, since it had a short life with no great success."〔Olsen, Solveig (2007). ''Opera Quarterly'', Volume 22, Issue 2, pp. 369-375, doi: 10.1093/oq/kbl004〕
Despite a strong advertising campaign, sales were modest.〔Musser, Charles (1991). ''Before the Nickelodeon: Edwin S. Porter and the Edison Manufacturing Company.'' University of California Press, ISBN 9780520060807〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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